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Hammer Forging a barrel involves sliding a mandrel into an oversized drilled/reamed barrel blank and pounding the exterior of the blank under tremendous forces to form the steel around the mandrel inside a hammer forging machine. The mandrel is a polished carbide rod that is a mirror image of the bore; the rifling pattern is "in reverse." After forging, the mandrel is then pressed out of the bore. Most of the larger gun manufacturers now use this method because it's faster and easier, so it lends itself to mass production better. (The match barrel makers use either button rifling or cut rifling, because those processes impart less stress on the steel, and their production rates are not high-volume enough to justify the huge capital investment of the machines. Some say the hammer forging process generally doesn't produce bores that are quite as straight and uniform enough by "match" tolerance standards) - I found this on a previous thread 